Which statement regarding oil in the Middle East is false? Oil-producing nations

Which statement regarding oil in the Middle East is false?

Oil-producing nations discovered they could use oil as an economic weapon against the

West.

Revenue from oil was distributed fairly among an oil-producing nation's entire population.

Islamist groups believed that oil revenue was helping to cause a shift to Western culture

and values.

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Oil-producing nations formed a cartel in order to fix oil prices and control competition.