Which of the following was a way Progressive reformers responded to immigration

Which of the following was a way Progressive reformers responded to immigration trends? Philanthropy emerged as a means to resolve the social problems stemming from immigration.
Immigrant schools were created as a way to resolve the nation’s challenges over immigration.
Exclusionary acts and quotas were enacted to try to resolve issues resulting from immigration.
Unionization emerged as a labor system to improve the lives of the many urban immigrants living in poverty.