What’s the general relationship between mass and gravitational force?

If the mass of both of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is quadrupled; and so on. Since gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational forces.

The electrons in the valence shell of many atoms do not leave the atom because the protons in the nucleus attract the electrons. However, in metals, electrons can flow from one atom to another.

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