What is the main point that Voltaire is making in Source A? What technique does

Voltaire is highlighting humanity's hypocrisy by allowing himself to live in a bubble while ignoring the reality around him.

To support this image, he employs narrative techniques.

Voltaire presumed that optimism was an aspect of human hypocrisy because it allowed people to live in a bubble world, oblivious to the world's problems, rot, and cruelty.

In other words, Voltaire discussed how a human being creates an enjoyable reality for himself at the expenditure of others' suffering, but then began to preach this enjoyable reality as widespread even to those who do not appreciate it.

To know more about the techniques of the passage, refer to the link below:

link

Voltaire is raising the point of how hypocritical humanity is and allows himself to live in a bubble while ignoring all the reality around him.

He uses narrative techniques to reinforce this image, making the experiences of the characters narrated, capable of showing how the world is more than what we know and is more cruel than we imagine.

Explanation:

As you already know, the work written by Voltaire exposed in the question above is a satire on optimism. That's because Voltaire believed that optimism was part of human hypocrisy to live in a social bubble ignoring all the problems, rot and cruelty that were happening around the world. In other words, Voltaire touched on the point that explained that the human being creates a pleasant reality for himself, at the expense of the suffering of others, but the human being preaches this pleasant reality as universal even for those who do not enjoy it.

To expose these points he uses narrative techniques, where the characters tell their stories of suffering and reinforce how bad the world is.

Afghanistan

The "Bush Doctrine" was a foreign policy viewpoint that came from so-called "neoconservatives" among President George W. Bush's advisers -- especially some who had also served in the administration of his father, President George H.W. Bush.  In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, there was a desire to push American values and not be shy about doing so with the use of American military might.  Sometimes referred to as the "Bush Doctrine," the core ideas were that the United States could pursue foreign policy goals on its own (without need for United Nations partnerships), that preemptive strikes were allowable against countries that harbored terrorists, and that regime change for the sake of promoting democracy was a good strategy.  
Because Afghanistan was where the terrorists that launched the 9-11 attacks had bases of activity, going to war in Afghanistan was seen as justified.  The war in Afghanistan continues to be a problematic matter today, many years later.