One way of looking at barabrians is

Barbarian is defined as a person who is savage and crude. A cannibal is an example of a barbarian. and barbaric” is most commonly used to describe an act that is either brutal or cruel to the point of savagery or primitive and uncivilized (or all of the above) while a “barbarian” is a person who commits such acts or displays such characteristics

The correct answers are I and II. I. Every civilization follows the cycle of a biological organism and experiences stages similar to birth, growth, maturity, old age, and death. II. The fate of a society is determined by how it responds to and overcomes challenges.

The theory of cyclical change believes that civilizations follow similar cycles like a person, an animal or any biological organism. There is a beginning or birth, a growth, a maturity phase, and termination or death. Then, how the people respond to those different phases is what makes the society a successful and long lasting one, or it decays in a shorter period. For cyclical researchers, change in societies is a continuous motion with no direction of birth, growth, challenges and transformation or decadence.