In prophase i of meiosis, crossing over results in a) genetic recombination. b)

The process is A) dissociation.

In this process, the crystalline ions can be separated as well as split into smaller particles like radicals, ions, or atoms, generally in a reversible way.  

As an example, if an atom is dissolved in the water, a chemical bond that shares electron pairs among the atoms between a single hydrogen atom and electronegative atom is fragmented through heterolysis fission giving off a positive ion and a negative ion.