he following applies to the next five questions, which concern a bolted tension

he following applies to the next five questions, which concern a bolted tension joint. Further data will be supplied as necessary: stiffness coefficient of the joint 0.237 nominal fastener diameter 20 mm Tensile stress area 245 mm2 Proof strength 380 MPa Pre-load 51.2 kN Find the external load that would just cause joint separation.