EOC Biology STAAR prep Four common relationships between organisms are listed in

The correct answer is option B

Species interactions are categorized based on their reciprocal effects (the effects that the interaction has on each species/individual involved).

1. Bees pollinate plants as they move from flower to flower collecting pollen.

This is a mutualistic relationship because the both species involved in this interaction benefit from the interaction. The bee benefits because it obtains nectar which is provided by the plant. The plant benefits because the bee carries the plants pollen to other plants, allowing the plant to reproduce.

2. Green algae grow on the backs of spider crabs living in shallow water.

This is another example of a mutualistic relationship because both species involved in this interaction benefit from the interaction. The spider crab benefits from the camouflage that the algal growth provides, while the algae benefits from the protection from predators provided by the spider crab.

3. Fleas living on skin of dogs and obtaining nutrients from dogs blood.

This is a parasitic relationship because one of the species benefits from the interaction while the other species in negatively impacted by the interaction. The flea benefits from the nutrients obtained from the dogs blood while the dog is negatively impacted by the fleas presence (loss of blood, discomfort).

4. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria obtain nutrients from host plants and use the nitrogen to supply host plants with nitrogen.

This is an example of mutualism because both species in this interaction are benefitting from the interaction. The nitrogen fixing bacteria benefit by receiving nutrients from the host plant while the host plant is benefitting from receiving nitrogen from the bacteria.

Feel free to comment and ask any additional questions.

the answer is B but... go to pad let now!!!

Explanation:

Fitness describes a reproductive success of an individual. For example, there are green and yellow beetles in a population. If a color affects the reproductive success, for example, green beetles will have more offspring that the brown ones because of their color. So, green beetles have higher fitness. And the beetles with decreased fitness will have less offspring.

So, if a mutation creates a new allele which decreases the fitness, the altered allele will not be inherited in such a ratio as the unaltered allele will.