David, a middle-level manager in a graphic design firm, presents a detailed estimate

b. tactical plan

Explanation:

David's production and presentation of a detailed estimate of his team's budget and the approximate number of resources required for the next year. is most likely contributed to developing the company's tactical plan.

A tactical plan contains and details steps that must taken and tasks that must be fulfilled on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly basis; in order to achieve the goals from the strategic plan.

David's plan can not be referred  to as a strategic plan because it is just for one year while strategic plans are typically for longer, as they are very long term in nature.

2. False

Explanation:

Market organization refers to the ways goods and services are bought and sold in the market.

Under market organization, individuals can communicate their buying decisions and their preferences and tastes directly to their peers and known ones which eventually affects the latter's decision making. This is a direct way of communication.

Similarly, another form of communication would be indirect wherein an individual conveys his/her choice of with whom they want to transact with rather than their preferences. Here the communication is indirect and this is a realistic possibility.

Hence the given statement is false.