Among the options given on the question the correct answer is option C.
Socialization through education.
Explanation: A federal government is the institution which actually represents the nation in the world and domestically solves the national issues and controls the national emergency system. Moreover the federal government works as the linkage between the states government.
Normally countries with large land volume has the federal and state government system. There are certain separation line of works between the federal and state governments.Like in USA the federal governments and the states governments have different sphere of works and controlling.
However, there are some characteristics of federal governments. Like as a federal government is elected with a free and fair election.Moreover, the federal government has a written constitution which is also known the national constitution.The federal laws are based on the constitution.
There are also some layers in the federal government system.
But 'socialization through education is not the characteristics of a federal form of government.
Therefore the answer is option C.