Border is concrete or abstract

A concrete noun refers to a physical object in the real world, such as a dog, a ball, or an ice cream cone. An abstract noun refers to an idea or concept that does not exist in the real world and cannot be touched, like freedom, sadness, or permission.

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D. All of the above.

Explanation:

Policy refers to the principle or conduct of actions proposed by the government that guides the decisions to achieve desirable outcomes. The policies assist in decision making in order to accomplish the desired goals. Thus, all the first three options suggest the intent of government  and assists in deciding the balance between the individual interests and the interests of the community as well. The first option suggests the need for the conductance of graduation exams relating to students interest while policy to provide aid to college students complements the societal interests. The third displays the requirement of incorporating the study of a foreign language in schools. Thus, all of them are exemplifying a policy in one form or the other.