Aship is traveling around the outside rim of an island surveying a good place to

Using the formula of circumference :
c = 2pi*r 

Where: 
pi = 3.14
r = radius = 10 miles 
c = circumference 

substituting the values
c = 2pi*r 
c = 2 * 3.14 * 10 
c = 62.83 miles 

The ship has traveled 45°  due north
so,
d = ( total circular distance * 45 ) / 360 
substituting the values:
we get;

d = ( 62.83 * 45 ) / 360 
   = 7.85 miles 
   = 7.9 miles

a) + x direction, b) .

Step-by-step explanation:

a) According to the Cartesian plane, an eastward translation implies a movement in the +x direction.

b)