C. If the separation of the two continents occurred well before the evolution of the common ancestor of African and South American monkeys, you must reject the vicariance hypothesis.
Explanation:
South America separated from Africa 140 million years ago and origin of ancestors of south American monkeys were approximately 40 million years ago.
the correct answer is C. If the separation of the two continents occurred well before the evolution of the common ancestor of African and South American monkeys, you must reject the vicariance hypothesis.