11. When heat is removed from a solid, what happens? a. The particles move faster

c. The particles move slower

Explanation:

If you add heat to any state of matter, the particles move faster. If u take away heat from any state of matter, the particles move slower.

- 0.0249% Sb/cm

Explanation:

Given that:

One surface contains 1 Sb atom per  10⁸  Si atoms and the other surface contains 500 Sb atoms per  10⁸ Si atoms.

The concentration gradient in atomic percent (%) Sb  per cm can be calculated as follows:

The difference in concentration =

The distance = 0.2-mm = 0.02 cm

Now, the concentration of silicon at one surface containing  1 Sb atom per 10⁸ silicon atoms and at the outer surface that has 500 Sb atom per   10⁸ silicon atoms can be calculated as follows:

= - 0.0249% Sb/cm

b) The concentration of Sb in atom/cm³ for the surface of 1 Sb atoms can be calculated by using the formula:

Lattice parameter = 5.4307 Å;  To cm ; we have

=

=

The concentration of Sb in atom/cm³ for the surface of 500 Sb can be calculated as follows:

   =  

   =

Finally, to calculate the concentration gradient